Joshua Bright/The New York Times/Redux (serving food); Shutterstock.com (all other images)

Taste Testers

A fourth-grader discovers how foods end up on the menu in her school’s cafeteria.

As You Read, Think About: Would you add anything to your school’s lunch menu?

Last spring, Elsa Hammerman noticed something was missing from her school’s lunch menu. Her favorite meal, roasted chicken, was gone. It was one of several menu items that had been removed to save money at public schools in New York City. 

Elsa wrote a letter to district officials, asking them to bring back her favorite meal. A couple of months later, it was once again on the P.S./I.S. 187 menu.

“I was so excited,” the 11-year-old says. “My friends and I always looked forward to the roasted chicken. And it was back!” 

Elsa soon learned that she could play an even bigger role in planning her school lunch menu. 

Alex Zimmerman/Civic News Company

Elsa Hammerman and her letter

Lunch Lab

After Elsa’s victory, her class was invited to the New York City Public Schools test kitchen. This is where menus for the entire New York City school district—the largest in the United States—are created.

Elsa and her classmates were among the hundreds of students who visited the test kitchen in 2024. These students have a big job. They help select the foods that more than 912,000 kids, from kindergarten through high school, eat each day. 

“It’s so important that kids have a say in what they’re served for lunch,” says Nelson Quiles. He works for the New York City Public Schools Office of Food and Nutrition Services. 

At each session, students sample four or five meals. They vote on whether they like each one and then give feedback.

Elsa’s class tried a pasta dish called manicotti. It didn’t meet their approval. But an egg-and-cheese sandwich did. While most of the kids liked it, some students thought the bread was too soggy.

More than 1,500 kids try each new dish. At least 70 percent of them must give their stamp of approval before the food appears in schools. 

“We want to make sure the food is not only healthy but something kids actually want to eat,” Quiles explains.

Alex Zimmerman/Civic News Company

At the test kitchen, Elsa’s class voted on foods using QR codes called plickers.

It’s important to serve kids food they like. If not, there’s a good chance it will end up in the trash. In fact, U.S. public schools produce about 530,000 tons of food waste each year, according to the World Wildlife Fund. That’s about $1.7 billion dollars’ worth of food.

Public schools can’t serve just anything students want, though. They must follow guidelines to make sure the meals are healthy (see “What’s on Your Plate?”). Experts say that kids who eat foods are more focused and have more energy. 

Using Their Voices

This school year, Elsa noticed that the egg sandwich her class reviewed had been added to the P.S./I.S. 187 menu. But there was a twist. The soggy bread had been replaced by a croissant.

“It was so cool,” Elsa says. “They actually listened to the suggestions. I hope they continue to listen to kids.”

What’s On Your Plate?

Public school cafeterias in the U.S. follow guidelines set by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Starting next school year, new limits on added sugars are set to go into effect. And there are plans to limit sodium, a mineral found in salt, in 2027.

Here’s a look at the minimum amount of each food elementary schools must serve each day. 

Source: USDA Food and Nutrition Service 

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  • Fruit: 1/2 cup
  • Meat or Meat Substitute: 1 ounce
  • Vegetables: 3/4 cup
  • Milk: 1 cup
  • Whole Grains*: 1 ounce

*Note: At least 80 percent of grains offered must be between 50 and 100 percent whole grain.

1. How do kids help at the New York City Public Schools test kitchen?

2. How does the article support the idea that it is important for schools to serve lunches that kids will like?

3. How does the sidebar, “What’s on Your Plate?,” support the article?

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